Europe’s steel umbrella has holes
Europe is rearming fast, but weapons are only the visible score. The real test is whether it can protect the signals, supply chains and seabed infrastructure that make deterrence work.
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The Strategy League: Is post-Brexit Britain more influential?
Britain retained much of its international influence after Brexit, but the evidence suggests its economic, social and institutional foundations have become less effective, making future leadership depend on reform rather than reputation alone.
Brexit League of Nations: Final Report
One decade after the vote, the evidence points in the same direction across economy, trade, leadership, culture and planning: Brexit did not make Britain stronger than the European system it left.
Is Britain still open for business?
Britain entered the Brexit era with one of Europe's strongest business environments, but by 2026 had fallen behind every major competitor in this league.
Has Britain become more globally connected — or more inward-looking?
Britain remained one of the world's most socially connected countries after Brexit, but the evidence suggests it became less outward-looking than promised and more reliant on inherited strengths.
Does Britain still shape global decisions after Brexit?
Britain remains one of the world's most diplomatically connected countries, but the KOF data suggests Brexit preserved global reach more successfully than it preserved embedded influence.
Is Britain more connected to the global economy — or less?
Britain remained globally visible after Brexit, but the KOF data suggests it became less economically connected as trade integration weakened and new barriers emerged with its largest market.
Did Brexit help Britain master globalisation — or retreat from it?
Britain remains the most globalised country in the league, but Brexit appears to have preserved an inherited advantage rather than creating the more outward-looking nation that was promised.
The Culture League forecast: Did Brexit make Britain’s economic culture great again?
Close, but no cigar.
Is Britain still an innovation power — or losing its edge?
Britain remains one of the world's most innovative countries, but the systems that help ideas scale appear less secure than the Brexit promise implied.